Active Travel: Getting about in a way that makes you physically active, like walking or cycling.Local Plan: A Local Plan guides decisions on future development proposals and addresses the needs and opportunities of a specific area.Climate mitigation: Efforts to reduce or prevent emission of greenhouse gases.Climate adaptation: Adaptation seeks to reduce the risks posed by climate changes, and to benefit from any associated opportunities where possible. It is one of two main policy responses to climate change, the other being mitigation.Operational carbon: The term used to describe the emissions of carbon dioxide and other global warming gases during the in-use operation of a building (e.g. providing heat or cooling).Embodied carbon: Embodied carbon is the amount of carbon emitted during the construction of a building. The extraction of raw materials, the manufacturing and refinement of materials, transportation, installation and disposal of old supplies can all produce embodied carbon emissions.Oxfordshire Strategic Vision: Sets out a highly ambitious pathway for long-term change towards a more sustainable future. Prepared by the Future Oxfordshire Partnership, the Vision is designed to be overarching and cross-cutting to inform a range of local and national plans, strategies and programmes.Net Zero Carbon: The term net zero means achieving a balance between the carbon emitted into the atmosphere, and the carbon removed from it. This balance – or net zero – will happen when the amount of carbon we add to the atmosphere is no more than the amount removed.Retrofit: In this context it refers to when a property is fitted with renewables or energy efficiency measures after it has been built (i.e. retrospectively).Renewable and low-carbon energy provision: Renewable energy refers to energy derived from natural sources that are replenished at a higher rate than they are consumed (e.g. sunlight and wind). Low-carbon energy refers to the electricity generated from energy sources that emit significantly less greenhouse gas emissions than conventional fossil fuels.Fossil fuel: A hydrocarbon-containing material such as coal, oil, and natural gas, formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of dead plants and animals that is extracted and burned as a fuel.Spatial Strategy: A strategy which takes into account social, economic and environmental factors such as health and housing, and which does not purely focus on the regulation and the control of land.20 minute neighbourhood: The 20 minute neighbourhood concept is one method of supporting local living and aims to provide access to the majority of daily needs within a 20 minute walk, wheel or cycle.Living local': Local living provides people with the opportunity to meet the majority of their daily needs within a reasonable distance of their home.Living local: Local living provides people with the opportunity to meet the majority of their daily needs within a reasonable distance of their home.Biodiversity: Refers to the variety of life on Earth at all its levels.Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG): An approach to development, and/or land management that aims to leave the natural environment in a measurably better state than it was beforehand.Natural flood management: The implementation of natural measures which help to alleviate the risk of flooding.Urban cooling: Measures that can help to reduce temperatures in urban areas such as providing additional tree and vegetation cover.Grey water recycling: The treatment of wastewater from appliances such as showers, baths and sinks, to be re-used and fed back into a property for non-potable purposes such as flushing toilets.Green infrastructure: A network of multi-functional green space and other green features, urban and rural, which can deliver quality of life and environmental benefits for communities.Carbon sequestration: The capturing, removal and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the earth’s atmosphere.: Natural capital: The world's stock of natural resources, which includes geology, soils, air, water and all living organisms.Circular economy: A model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products as long as possible.Previously developed (brownfield) land/buildings: Land which is or was occupied by a permanent structure, including the curtilage of the developed land (although it should not be assumed that the whole of the curtilage should be developed) and any associated fixed surface infrastructure. This excludes: land that is or was last occupied by agricultural or forestry buildings; land that has been developed for minerals extraction or waste disposal by landfill, where provision for restoration has been made through development management procedures; land in built-up areas such as residential gardens, parks, recreation grounds and allotments; and land that was previously developed but where the remains of the permanent structure or fixed surface structure have blended into the landscape.Healthy place shaping: A collaborative approach which aims to create sustainable, well designed, thriving communities where healthy behaviours are the norm and which provide a sense of belonging, identity and community.Health Impact Assessments (HIA): A tool to identify and optimise the health and wellbeing impacts of planning.Building for a Healthy Life: A widely used design tool for creating places that are better for people and nature.Healthy Homes Principles: To ensure better and more inclusive health outcomes, the Town and Country Planning Association (TCPA) has identified 11 Healthy Homes principles that all new homes must provide including access to natural light, climate resilience,Safe routes to schools: Safer Routes to School schemes are packages of measures designed to tackle safety concerns and reduce dependence on travelling to school by car.Design Code: A set of simple, concise, illustrated design requirements that provide specific, detailed parameters for the physical development of a site or area.Design Guide: A document providing guidance on how development can be carried out in accordance with good design practice.Food poverty: The inability of individuals and households to secure an adequate and nutritious diet. It can affect those living on low incomes, with limited access to transport and poor cooking skills.Best and most versatile agricultural land: Land in grades 1, 2 and 3a of the Agricultural Land Classification.Regenerative farming: Any form of farming which at the same time improves the environment. This primarily means regenerating the soil.Infrastructure: The physical and institutional systems that underpin society. Examples include roads and other transport facilities, flood defences, schools and other educational facilities, medical facilities, sporting and recreational facilities and open space.Infrastructure Delivery Plans: Identify the specific infrastructure requirements which are necessary to support planned growth (e.g. new schools and transport improvements).Stewardship: A fundamental aspect of the Garden City model, which outlines how the right financial and governance structures can provide a framework to pay for the creation and maintenance of community assets in perpetuity.Dark skies: Dark Sky Reserves are designated by the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA). They are areas that offer exceptional starry nights and are specifically protected for scientific, natural, educational, cultural, heritage and/or public enjoyment.Ecosystem services: The direct and indirect contributions ecosystems (known as natural capital) provide for human wellbeing and quality of life. This can be in a practical sense, providing food and water and regulating the climate, as well as cultural aspects such as reducing stress and anxiety.: Local Nature Recovery Strategies (LNRS): Strategies that propose how and where to recover nature and improve the wider environment across England. To be prepared by Oxfordshire County Council as the ‘responsible body’.River Basin Management Plans: River basin management plans (RBMPs) set the legally binding locally specific environmental objectives that underpin water regulation (such as permitting) and planning activities. A key aspect of the Government’s 25 Year Environment Plan.Building with Nature: A voluntary framework of standards for delivering good green infrastructure. Consists of 12 standards built around the themes of core, wellbeing, water, and wildlife.Sustainable drainage systems: Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) are designed to manage stormwater locally (as close its source as possible), to mimic natural drainage and encourage its infiltration, attenuation and passive treatment.Air Quality Management Area: An Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) is declared for an area where the local air quality is unlikely to meet the Government’s national air quality objectives.Heritage Assets: A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest. It includes designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing).Heritage Impact Assessments: A document that outlines the historic or archaeological significance of a building or landscape within its wider setting. It includes an outline of any proposed works, an assessment of their impact on the building or landscape and a mitigation strategy.Conservation Management Plans: Conservation management plans have been developed as a tool to help pull together an understanding of what matters and why, and how to conserve and manage it. From this informed basis, plans are then used to develop programmes of repair, restoration or to draw up proposals for change.Whole building approach: An approach that uses an understanding of a building in its context to find balanced solutions that save energy, sustain heritage significance, and maintain a comfortable and healthy indoor environment. A whole building approach also takes into account wider environmental, cultural, community and economic issues, including energy supply.Village Design Statements: Tools that local communities use to influence the design of new development locally by identifying, describing and analysing local character and drawing guidance directly from this character.Neighbourhood Plans: A plan prepared by a parish council or neighbourhood forum for a designated neighbourhood area.Neighbourhood Development Orders: An Order made by a local planning authority (under the Town and Country Planning Act 1990) through which parish councils and neighbourhood forums can grant planning permission for a specific development proposal or classes of development.Community Right to Build Orders: An Order made by the local planning authority (under the Town and Country Planning Act 1990) that grants planning permission for a site specific development proposal or classes of development.Local Green Space: The designation of land as Local Green Space through local and neighbourhood plans allows communities to identify and protect green areas of particular importance to them.Affordable housing: Housing which is affordable to those who cannot afford market priced housing locally to rent or purchase. There are a number of forms of affordable housing including social rented housing, affordable rented housing, first homes etc.Affordability ratio: The affordability ratio is a measure of the house price to income ratio in an area. Fuel poverty: Fuel poverty in England is measured using the Low Income Low Energy Efficiency (LILEE) indicator. Under this indicator, a household is considered to be fuel poor if they are living in a property with a fuel poverty energy efficiency rating of band D or below and when they spend the required amount to heat their home, they are left with a residual income below the official poverty line.Custom and self-build housing: Housing built by an individual, a group of individuals, or persons working with or for them, to be occupied by that individual. Such housing can be either market or affordable housing.Key workers: A key worker, critical worker or essential worker is a public-sector or private-sector employee who is considered to provide an essential service (e.g. health and social care, education).Community-led or co-housing: Community-led housing is an umbrella term for a range of models that includes cohousing, community land trusts (CLTs), cooperatives, self-help and self-build housing.Build to rent: Purpose built housing that is typically 100% rented out. Schemes will usually offer longer tenancy agreements of three years or more, and will typically be professionally managed stock in single ownership and management control.Community Employment Plans: Community employment plans (CEPs) also known as Employment and Skills Plans provide opportunities for people to access skills and training associated with large development sites.:
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